Electricity deals with charges on bodies, batteries, lightning, etc., while magnetism
described interactions of magnets, iron filings, etc.In 1820 Oersted observed that a compass needle is deflected by passing an electric current .
Ampere and Faraday stated that charges in motion produce magnetic fields and moving magnets
generate electricity. Maxwell's equation and Lorentz theory proved the unification of these areas.
Maxwell put forth four equations that play the same role in classical electromagnetism as Newton’s equations of motion and gravitation law play in mechanics. He also argued that light is electromagnetic in nature and its speed can be found by making purely electric and magnetic measurements. He claimed that the science of optics is intimately related to that of electricity and magnetism.
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